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How is it possible that over 20 million living organisms on the planet are made up of only 5types of nucleotide bases arranged in long chains

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The nucleotide bases are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U). The bases combine with sugar to make them adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, thymidine, and uridine repectively.

The bases can be arranged in many different combinations and the genes in their long chains can have trillions of different combinations.

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