The correct answer is: Newton. This British scientist once served as the Warden of the Mint and was the terror of London Counterfeiters. An accomplished graduate of Cambridge, this brilliant man served as Lucasian Professor of Mathematics, created calculus, and laid the foundation. His Principia Mathematica, published in 1687, is considered to be the most influential book in the history of science. In this work, Newton described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion, laying the groundwork for classical mechanics.