4th amendment- This law protects people from "unreasonable searches and seizures." This sentence implies that a police or government agency should have a warrant in order to investigate a persons belonging. Most of the time this is the case, however there are some exceptions.
5th amendment- This law has several different parts. The most important is that people have the protection against self-incrimination.This means that they can "plead the fifth" on questions that may incriminate themselves.
6th amendment- This law guarantees citizens a fair and speedy trial.
14th amendment- Besides granting citizenship to people born on US soil, this law also includes the Equal protection clause. This clause states that all people must be treated equally in the eyes of the law, regardless of their race.