Final answer:
The world systems approach argues that more of the world resources go to core nations. Modern industrial societies have less social diversity than preindustrial societies (False). Culture lag refers to a period of maladjustment as nonmaterial culture adapts to new material culture (True).
Step-by-step explanation:
12. The world systems approach argues that more of the world resources go to A) Core nations. The core nations, also known as high-income nations, are the dominant countries that exploit resources and labor in peripheral and semi-peripheral nations. This exploitation creates global inequality and a cycle of dependence.
13. Modern industrial societies have less social diversity than preindustrial societies (False). Preindustrial societies typically have more social diversity due to factors such as multiple social roles and a less complex social structure.
14. Culture lag refers to a period of maladjustment as nonmaterial culture adapts to new material culture (True). When there is a change in material culture, such as the introduction of new technology, it often takes time for nonmaterial culture, such as beliefs and values, to catch up and adjust.
15. The characteristic of modernization is B) An expansion of individual choice. Modernization is associated with increasing individualism and the expansion of choices available to individuals as societies become more technologically advanced and industrialized.
16. Social change happens because society seeks C) Balance according to the equilibrium model. The equilibrium model suggests that social change occurs as a result of society striving for balance and stability.
17. The theory that argues societies progress through various stages is B) Modernization theory. This theory proposes that societies evolve from preindustrial to industrial to postindustrial societies through a process of modernization.
18. Marx believed that social change was necessary in society because it helps to B) Correct inequality and injustice. Marx believed that social change was essential in addressing the class struggle and achieving a more equitable society.
20. A characteristic of postmodernity is D) Increasing production of ideas. Postmodernity is associated with a proliferation of diverse ideas and perspectives, as well as a questioning of meta-narratives and grand theories.
21. The theory that has been used most often to explain the collapse or decline of civilizations is D) Evolutionary theory. This theory suggests that societies go through predictable stages of development and eventually decline or collapse.
22. evolutionary theory states that all societies pass through the same stages and reach the same end is D) linear
23. Social change is not overwhelmingly positive for society (False). Social change can have both positive and negative impacts, depending on the context and the specific changes that occur.
24. Those groups or individuals who will suffer from a particular form of social change are C) Vested interests. Vested interests are those who benefit from the current social order and may resist or be negatively affected by change.