Final answer:
The two political parties that emerged in the late 1790s in the United States were the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the late 1790s, two political parties emerged in the United States: Federalists and Democratic-Republicans. The Federalists supported Alexander Hamilton's vision for the nation and favored a strong federal government. On the other hand, the Democratic-Republicans, led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, opposed Hamilton's vision and advocated for states' rights and a limited federal government. These two parties represented the early partisan politics in the United States and set the stage for the nation's first partisan presidential election in 1796.