For the answers, see the attached image. I've filled in the table you provided.
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Work Shown:
For each x value in the table, it pairs with a y value just below it. Eg: x = 5 pairs with y = 25 just below it.
The y estimate value, called yhat (pronounced "y-hat"), is given by the trendline
yhat = 2x+15
Plug in each x value to find the corresponding estimate yhat value
yhat = 2x+15
yhat = 2(5)+15
yhat = 25
So the residual e is
e = y-yhat
e = 25-25
e = 0 <--- this value goes in the first blank under the 5 for the table
Repeat for x = 6
yhat = 2x+15
yhat = 2(6)+15
yhat = 27
e = y-yhat
e = 28-27 <-- the 28 comes from the table
e = 1 <--- this value goes in the second blank under the 6 for the table
Repeat for x = 7
yhat = 2x+15
yhat = 2(7)+15
yhat = 29
e = y-yhat
e = 29-29
e = 0 <--- this value goes in the third blank under the 7 for the table
Repeat for x = 8
yhat = 2x+15
yhat = 2(8)+15
yhat = 31
e = y-yhat
e = 30-31
e = -1 <--- this value goes in the fourth blank under the 8 for the table
Repeat for x = 9
yhat = 2x+15
yhat = 2(9)+15
yhat = 33
e = y-yhat
e = 32-33
e = -1 <--- this value goes in the fifth blank under the 9 for the table
So the five residuals for x = 5 through x = 9 are (in order):
0, 1, 0, -1, -1