Final answer:
Semantics is the study of meaning in language, specifically the rules by which we derive meaning from sounds and words, as opposed to syntax which is focused on sentence structure. It forms a part of grammar, which is the rule set for meaning conveyance using a language's vocabulary.
Step-by-step explanation:
Semantics refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words, which is essential in communicating effectively in any language. It is connected to the study of meaning and is a key component of linguistic theory. While syntax is concerned with the manner by which words are organized into sentences, semantics deals with the meanings of those words and sentences. This means the correct answer to the question is:
d. rules by which we derive meaning from sounds.
On the other hand, procedures for solving problems can involve trial and error or heuristics, which are strategies for quicker decision-making but are not related to semantics. Grammar encompasses both syntax and semantics, providing a set of rules that are used to convey meaning through the lexicon or vocabulary of a language. Philosophers conducting conceptual analysis may utilize semantics when breaking down sentences or claims to understand the meanings of individual words and phrases within those statements. The study of language is multifaceted, incorporating syntax, semantics, and a variety of other components that ensure coherence and common sense knowledge in communication.