The correct answer is c. subcultures
A subculture refers to a culture in a broader society that has its own separate norms, values, beliefs, customs and practices. Subcultures do not conform to norms and practices of dominant, mainstream culture even they coexist with it. An example of a subculture in present day society is the "hipster culture". Hipsters do not conform to mainstream culture in terms of their clothing, food preferences, lifestyle choices and spiritual beliefs and practices.