Final answer:
In a 2 x 4 independent-groups factorial design, there will only be one interaction to examine, which is between the two independent variables: the 2-level factor and the 4-level factor.
Step-by-step explanation:
Dr. Gavin is conducting a 2 x 4 independent-groups factorial design. In such a design, there are two independent variables (factors), where the first has 2 levels and the second has 4 levels. The number of interactions in a factorial design can be determined by the number of independent variables and their levels.
For factorial designs, each factor can interact with each other factor once, so an interaction effect occurs when the influence of one factor on the response variable is different at different levels of another factor.
In this case, we have two factors (2-level factor and 4-level factor), and they can interact only once because there are no other factors to consider. So, there is only one interaction to examine between these two factors, which is the 2-level factor by the 4-level factor interaction.