These are 6 questions and 6 answers.
To find each probability we will use the definition of probability:
Probability = number of positive outcomes / number of total possible outcomes
1) P(Jack or ten)
Answer: 2/13 ≈ 0.12
Justification:
i) Positive outcomes: A standard deck of cards has 4 jacks and 4 tens, then those are 4 + 4 = 8 different positive outcomes.
ii) Possible outcomes: a standard deck of cards has 52 different cards, so, that is a total of 52 different possible outcomes
iii) Probability, P
P = number of positive outcomes / number of total possible outcomes
P = 8 / 52 = 2/13 ≈ 0.15
2.P(red or black)
Answer: 1
Justification:
i) Positive outcomes
Half of the cards are red and half of the cards are black, so they both add for the total of the cards = 52
ii) Possible outcomes: 52 cards
iii) Probaility, P
P = number of positive outcomes / number of total possible outcomes
P = 52 / 52 = 1
3.P(queen or club)
Answer: 4/13 ≈ 0.31
Justification:
i) Positive outcomes
There are 4 Queens.
There are 1/4 of 52 clubs = 1/4 × 52 = 13 clubs.
But you cannot add all of them, because one club is the Quenn of Clubs.
Then, the total number of different Queens and clubs is 4 + 13 - 1 = 16
ii) Possible outcomes: 52 different cards
iii) Probaility, P
P = number of positive outcomes / number of total possible outcomes
P = 16 /52 = 4 / 13 ≈ 0.31
4.P(red or ace)
Answer: 7 / 13 ≈ 0.54
Justification:
i) Positive outcomes
Half of the cards are red: 26
There are 4 aces.
Since 2 aces are red, the number of different red and aces cards is: 26 + 4 - 2 = 28
ii) Possible outcomes: 52 different outcomes
iii) Probaility, P
P = number of positive outcomes / number of total possible outcomes
P = 28 / 52 = 7 / 13 ≈ 0.54
5.P(diamond or black)
Answer: 1/2 = 0.5
Justification:
i) Positive outcomes
There are 52 / 4 = 13 diamonds
There are 26 black cards.
All the diamonds are black cards.
Then, the number of different diamond or black cards is 13 + 26 - 13 = 26
ii) Possible outcomes: 52 different cards.
iii) Probaility, P
P = number of positive outcomes / number of total possible outcomes
P = 26 / 52 = 1/2 = 0.5
6.P(face card or spade)
Answer: 11/26 ≈ 0.42
Justification:
i) Positive outcomes
Face cards are jacks, queens and kings. That is 3 × 4 = 12 different cards.
The spades are 13 cards.
Since, 3 of the faces are spade cards, the number of different cards of those types are 12 + 13 - 3 = 22
ii) Possible outcomes: 52 different cards
iii) Probaility, P
P = number of positive outcomes / number of total possible outcomes
P = 22 / 52 = 11 / 26 ≈ 0.42