Final answer:
Nullification promotes states' rights by allowing states to invalidate federal laws they consider unconstitutional, as advocated by John C. Calhoun.
Step-by-step explanation:
The concept of nullification promotes the idea of states' rights. It suggests that individual states have the power to nullify or invalidate any federal laws that they deem unconstitutional. This concept was particularly advocated by John C. Calhoun in the 'South Carolina Exposition and Protest' as a defense against federal overreach and to uphold the sovereignty of states within the Union. Nullification emphasizes the right of states to assess the constitutionality of federal actions and to protect their own interests against what they consider improper exertion of federal power.
Encouraging a higher voter turnout is critical because it leads to representatives being elected by a more significant portion of the population, which may result in economic policy decisions that are more reflective of the entire population's best interests. On the other hand, the influence of special interest groups and restrictive voting laws are factors that can weaken the party system by either skewing the representation in favor of particular wealthy interests or by making it physically more difficult for certain groups of people to vote, as argued by organizations like the ACLU.