Question

Enables injured parties to directly convey to the judge (and the public) the extent of their suffering and their beliefs about what an appropriate sentence might be.

Answer 1

I believe the answer is: Allocation

This allocation is usually being proposed in order to determine the amount of payaback that the defendant should received.
The process would be more convincing if the injured parties able to provide materialistic proof from professionals about the value of the damage (such as hospital bill)