Answer:
1) I set a goal to become famous. That's mostly it, as I did not really specify it in detail. Of course, I did not accomplish it. On the other hand, I set a goal to have all A's in the final year of elementary school. As it was something quite attainable, I stayed with good habits and somehow this goal reached fruition. I succeeded at my second goal as it is definitely more attainable and specific.
2) In order to be effective, a goal has to be SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-based). It is intuitive that we will reach our SMART goals faster than bland, generic goals, as SMART goal-setting holds that goals are always tailor-made.
3) Short-term - I want to bake a 10 inch pizza in two hours time with the resources I currently have in my fridge, since I am hungry.
Mid-term - I want to learn to play the key guitar riffs that are essential for an intermediate guitar playing level. I want to do that in five months time, with constant learning and revision.
Long-term - I want to be a chief marketing officer in a Fortune 500 company in 10 years time. After I get a Marketing degree and follow up with a good internship and 5-6 years of hard work, I think I will be able to achieve my final goal.