Answer:
Option A: Black codes
Step-by-step explanation:
Black codes or black laws were the laws which restricted the freedom of African Americans and ensured their availability as the cheap labor force. In USA these laws were passed during different time period, for example, it existed in many Northern states before civil war but after the American civil war these laws were passed in the Southern states. Under the black codes some states limited the type of property blacks can own while other states passed strict labor contracts. This law even forced many minors into unpaid labors to white planters. So, through black codes whites were trying to maintain their political dominance and were suppressing the freedom of African-American slaves.