Answer:
The correct answer is b) Classical, Pavlovian conditioning
Step-by-step explanation:
Mental representations allow us to imagine visual stimuli of things that we have or haven't seen or experienced. It also can be manifested with any of the other senses, such as smell, hearing, or taste.
The classical conditioning of Pávlov is an example of the mental representations; in this conditioning, it is observed that learning can be by associations of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli, and these stimuli can be automatic. Through this conditioning, it is not necessary to experience the stimulus in a sensory way to be able to have a mental representation, for example, this happened with the dogs in the Pavlov experiment when they salivate without having the food present.
I hope this information can help you.