Final answer:
Pericles led democratic reforms in Athens by allowing all citizens, including thetes, to participate in the government, while during the Peloponnesian War, Athens used its navy and Sparta its army as their respective battle strategies. Socrates' persistent questioning of Athenian democracy's principles made some Athenians uncomfortable, considering it a threat to the political order.
Step-by-step explanation:
Pericles took significant steps to strengthen democracy in Athens. He introduced reforms such as the misthophoria, where citizens received a salary for participating as jurors in the courts. This allowed thetes (Athenians without wealth) to occupy public office, broadening the base of people involved in the government and ensuring that democracy was not limited to the elite.
During the Peloponnesian War, Athens relied heavily on their superior navy and the defensive walls of the city, while Sparta utilized their experienced land-based army. This fundamental difference in military might and strategy defined many of the encounters between the two city-states.
Some Athenians found Socrates' ideas disturbing because of his method of continuous questioning, which challenged the foundational principles of Athenian democracy. This was perceived as a threat to the political order, especially during the unstable times following the defeat of Athens by Sparta.