Answer:
a. hate crime
Step-by-step explanation:
In sociology, a hate crime is defined as the crime that is motivated by a prejudice, it occurs when the person who commits the crime targets its victim because of the membership of the victim to a social group or race. Therefore, the belongingness to a certain group is what makes the person a target.
In this example, Bill was beat up after leaving a gay bar, he remembers that his attackers called him gay slurs as they were punching and kicking him, we can assume that he was likely targeted because of his sexual orientation, therefore, this would be an example of a hate crime.