Answer:
e. intervening
Step-by-step explanation:
Intervening variable: The term "intervening variable" is defined as a hypothetical variable that is being used to describe the causal relationship between other different types of variable. It can't be observed during an experiment because of its hypothetical nature. It is being utilized to explain the relationship between dependent variables and independent variables.
Example: A connection between being rich and having a broader perspective in life.
In the question above, the statement signifies the intervening variable.