Answer: Option D
Step-by-step explanation: In financial economics, the effective-market theory is a theory that asset values represent all available data. Strong inference is that this is difficult to reliably "outperform the market" on a threat-adjusted basis because market rates will respond only to new data.
Thus, consumer valuation is always taken into consideration as the prices are determined by the m,market forces which are dependent on consumer valuation.
In such markets resources are allocated to most efficient firms who are capable to make maximum output result.