Question

Cell division is critical to growth, development, and repair, but how can cell division lead to cancer?

Organism to maintain the right number of cells primarily by regulating the cell cycle. The development of too many cells can lead to conditions such as warts and tumors. At the G1 checkpoint, If DNA is damaged, the cell undergoes apoptosis Damaged DNA can always be repaired. When a cell specializes or differentiates, it stops dividing and exit the cell cycle. Genes that encode regulator proteins are referred to as proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Mutated Rb and p53 genes are associated with the development of many cancer types. Tumor suppressor genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, play a role in inherited cancers. C

Answer 1

Cell division is a normal process, which is controlled by a set of genes. By contrast, any mutation in the oncogenes (gene with potential to cause cancer) can lead to uncontrolled cell division and impairs normal growth and development. It may also restrict the cell repair system which activates after DNA damage.

Step-by-step explanation:

Uncontrolled cell division leads to cancer or tumor formation.

Growth: Cell division is one of the critical processes that is monitored by cell-cycle. In the interphase of the cell cycle, genetic material has to be replicated to form a daughter cell. This is a cell-cycle checkpoint for other stages of cell cycle such as meiosis and/or mitosis. At this stage, when the process is fully controlled, even a little mutation (error) in replication is transferred to the daughter cells. If such mutation occurs in a gene that translates a mutated protein, which is responsible for cell reproduction, it can produce multiple mutated cells. This leads to uncontrolled cell division.

Development: Due to uncontrolled cell growth, the normal control mechanism is not working. The formation of multiple abnormal cells persists and old cells don't die. There is an up-growth of extra cells that would produce a mass of tissue, known as a tumor. It can develop at any part of the body.

Repair: On the other hand, the cell also has another mechanism to restrict cell division ( tumor suppressors) and repair DNA damage. Tumor suppressor a gene that codes for regulatory proteins that prevent the cell from uncontrolled division, for example, Retinoblastoma protein (pRb), p53, BCL2, Breast cancer genes 1 and 2 (BRCA1 AND BRCA2).

Genetically inactivation of pRb and p53 proteins lead to cancer development because they lose their anti-tumor mechanism in the cell. While inherited mutation in BRCA1 and BRCA2 increase the risk of female breast and ovarian cancer.