Answer: Total ATP yield for the complete oxidation of the 16-carbon unsaturated fatty acid palmitoleic acid (a 16:1-Δ9 fatty acid) = 108 ATP molecules.
Note: Two ATP molecules are used in the activation of palmitoleic acid to palmitoleoyl-CoA. Therefore the net ATP yield is 106 molecules.
Step-by-step explanation:
Palmitoleic acid is a 16-carbon fatty acid. The complete oxidation of palmioleic acid yields eight acetyl-CoA molecules and 7FADH2 and &NADH2. The overall equation for the reaction is shown below
Palmiltoleoyl-CoA + 7CoA + 7 FAD + 7NAD+ + 7H2O---> 8 acetyl-CoA + 7FADH2 + 7NADH + 7H+
Each of the eight acetyl-Coa molecules enters the citric acid cycle to yield three NADH and one FADH2 which equals to; 8 * 3NADH = 24NADH and 8 * 1FADH2 = 8FADH2. Also the substrate level phosphoryation by succinyl-CoA synthetase yields 8 GTP molecules which later is converted to 8 ATP molecules.
Total FADH2 = 7 + 8 = 15FADH2
Total NADH = 7 + 24 NADH = 31 NADH
Each FADH2 and NADH enters the electron transport chain to produce 1.5 ATP and 2.5 ATP per molecule respectively.
1.5 * 15 FADH2 = 22.5 ATP molecules
2.5 * 31 NADH = 77.5 ATP molecules
Total ATP yield for the complete oxidation of the 16-carbon unsaturated fatty acid palmitoleic acid (a 16:1-Δ9 fatty acid) = 8 +22.5+77.5 = 108 ATP molecules.
Note: Two ATP molecules are used in the activation of palmitoleic acid to palmitoleoyl-CoA. Therefore the net ATP yield is 106 molecules.