Answer:
(d) Deletions; translocations
Step-by-step explanation:
Deletion mutations: It is the removal of a number of nucleotides from a DNA sequence. Deletions that result in frameshifts, that is, disrupt the 3-nucleotide reading frame can cause changes in regulatory sequences inducing over-expression of certain genes.
Translocation mutations: Are caused the the rearrangement of genes in chromosomes that are usually in close proximity. Encountering new enhancers and/or promoters can cause oncogene activation.