Answer:
C. Differential association
Step-by-step explanation:
Clark decides to buy the phone from the black market, this takes us to the term differential association in criminology.
Developed by Edwin Sutherland is a theory that says an individual like Clark for example will choose the criminal path when he feels hungry but has no money, the temptation to steal will become present in him to fill the need.
In this case since he is unable to afford the phone, he decides to go for the black market (the criminal path).