Answer:
D, all are true
Step-by-step explanation:
Operating shortages cost are cost that arise from the inability to meet up with demand for goods. It could also be a cost that arises from the inabilty to have a good inventory system.
Causes of operating shortage costs are stated in the question as restrictive policies, not having enough materils in the inventory or running out of finished goods. All of this create an inabilty to meet demand.
Cheers.