Answer:
Children's disruptive behavior (CDB)
Step-by-step explanation:
Careful evidence suggests that children's disruptive behaviour (CDB) and quality of parenting influence one another bidirectionally. So it can be considered that separate contribution of the mother–child and father–child relationships to disruptive behaviours within a longitudinal context. Against this background, the reciprocal influence between CDB and five dimensions of maternal and paternal parenting was examined from kindergarten through grade 2 in a community sample of 644 children. Differences and similarities emerged in the direction of effects linking maternal and paternal parenting and CDB. At Chloe's infant stage, a reciprocal parent–child influence was evident for mothers only. However, as children grew older, a unidirectional effect from CDB to parenting was noted for both fathers and mothers.