Question

Be sure to answer all parts. What is the strongest type of intermolecular force between solute and solvent in each solution? (a) CsCl(s) in H2O(l) ion-dipole H bond dipole-dipole ion-induced dipole dipole-induced dipole dispersion O tally2 (b) CH3 C CH3(l) in H2O(l) ion-dipole H bond dipole-dipole ion-induced dipole dipole-induced dipole dispersion (c) CH3OH(l) in CCl4(l) ion-dipole H bond dipole-dipole ion-induced dipole dipole-induced dipole dispersion

Answer 1

a. Ion-dipole force

b. H bond.

c. Dipole-induced dipole force.

Step-by-step explanation:

The intermolecular forces are the forces that put together the molecules (or ions) in a substance. In a solution, the solvent must dissolve the solute, so the molecules of the solvent must be attached to the ones of the solvent.

The forces on an ionic compound are called ion forces; at a nonpolar molecule, it's called induced dipole, or dispersion forces, or London forces; at a polar molecule, it's called dipole forces, and when the polar molecule has bonds between H and F, O, or N, it's called hydrogen bond.

A polar molecule is a molecule that has a dipole moment different from 0, and a nonpolar has a dipole moment equal to 0. The dipole moment is calculated based on the geometry of the molecule and on the polarity of the bonds. Polar bonds are those ones formed between atoms with large difference of electronegativity.

a. CsCl is an ionic compound, so it has ion forces, and H₂O is a polar compound, so it has dipole forces. In this case, H will bond with Cl, so it's not a case of H bonds. Thus, it will be an ion-dipole force.

b. CH3COCH3 has a polar and nonpolar fractions. The polar fraction, at O, will bond with H of H₂O, so the force will be H bond.

c. CH3OH is a polar molecule, so it's a dipole force, and CCl4 is a nonpolar molecule, so it is a dipole-induced force. So the force will be dipole-induced dipole.