Question

Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency diseases have a lower prevalence now than in the past. However, they are seen as beriberi in some developing regions and in regions of crisis, and as Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome in some alcoholics. One type of beriberi causes neurological symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, and loss of sensation.

Answer 1

Thiamin (vitamin B1)

Thiamin is the dietary precursor to the coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP, which is important in many metabolic reactions (formation and degradation of alpha-ketols by transketolase and in oxidative decarboxylation of alpha-keto acids like in conversion of pyruvate to acetyl~CoA by PDH).

Step-by-step explanation:

Caused by thiamine (vit B1) deficiency.

-"Wet" (edematous) beriberi

-Symptoms include increased heart rate, increased jugular venous pressure, exertion dyspnea (shortness of breath), peripheral edema.

-The heart is compromised, leading to edema and high blood pressures in this case.

-Caused by thiamine (vit B1) deficiency.

-"Dry" (non-edematous) beriberi

-Symptoms include muscle weakness, ataxia, paresthesia (tingling sensation, especially of toes), foot drop (toes-first walking), wrist drop (can't extend hand), amnesia, confusion, nystagmus (involuntary eye movements), ophthalmoplegia (ocular muscle weakness).

-Results when primarily the nervous system is affected, leading to impaired sensory, motor, and reflex functions of the extremities.