Final answer:
The motivational theory used by the athletic director is Expectancy Theory, which asserts that behavior is influenced by expectations of outcomes and rewards, combining both a significant bonus and the threat of job loss to motivate the coach.
Step-by-step explanation:
Motivational Theory Employed by the Athletic Director
The scenario described involves a basketball coach being offered a $50,000 bonus if her team wins the NCAA championship and the threat of being fired if the team does not make it to the finals. This situation aligns with the principles of Expectancy Theory, which is predicated on the idea that a person's behavior is directly linked to their expectations about outcomes and rewards.
In this case, the coach's motivation to succeed is heightened by the significant financial incentive (the potential bonus) combined with the avoidance of a negative consequence (loss of job). The athletic director is leveraging motivation through both the pull of the bonus and the push of potential job loss, affecting the coach's effort, performance, and the eventual outcome of the team's success.
The expectancy theory is composed of three components: expectancy, instrumentality, and valence. Expectancy is the belief that increased effort will lead to better performance. Instrumentality is the belief that if one performs well, a valued outcome will be received. Valence is the importance the individual places upon the expected outcome. In the coach's situation, all three components are at play, providing a clear motive for her to strive for the championship.