Answer:Divergent thinking
Step-by-step explanation:
Divergent thinking is a cognitive process of coming up with diffrent creative ideas and exploring various solutions through those ideas.
It occurs in a non planned fashion where ideas just flow from all directions in a no sequence order usually these ideas come during emergent times. The main aim of divergent thinking is to come up with as many ideas as possible in a short period of time.
Coming up with an idea to make a carbon filter out of random items in a ship is an emergent case and for them to be able to use random items, they had to quickly come up with random unorganised ideas that were put together to come up with an emergent solution.