Final answer:
Social norms dictate appropriate behavior for various social situations, like Jim's changing demeanor from outgoing at social events to disciplined in a classroom setting.
Step-by-step explanation:
The expectations for appropriate behavior in a particular social situation, as described in the case of Jim who is outgoing and talkative but knows to raise his hand and wait to be called on in class, are examples of social norms. These norms are the visible and invisible rules of conduct that structure societies, reflecting what a culture deems good, right, and important. Jim's behavior at a social gathering reflects his adherence to different social norms compared to his behavior in the classroom setting.
For example, in a classroom, the norm is for students to raise their hands and wait to be called upon before speaking to maintain order and respect for the learning environment. However, at a social event, norms may allow for more spontaneous and open conversation. Being aware of and adhering to such norms is crucial for social interactions and is a key component of what sociologists study.