Question

Compare the dipole moments of the following pairs of molecules and determine whether the first is "Greater Than", "Less Than" or "Equal to" the second.

O The dipole moment of ClO2 is _____ the dipole moment of SO2
O The dipole moment of SiF4 is _____ the dipole moment of SF4
O Dipole moment of SO2 is ______the dipole moment of SO3
O The dipole moment of BeCl2 is _____ the dipole moment of SCl2
O The dipole moment of H2O is ______ the dipole moment of H2S

Answer 1

The dipole moments of the molecules can be compared based on their polarity and electronegativity. ClO2 has a greater dipole moment than SO2. SiF4 and SF4 have equal dipole moments. SO3 has a greater dipole moment than SO2. BeCl2 has a smaller dipole moment than SCl2. H2O has a greater dipole moment than H2S.

Step-by-step explanation:

To determine the dipole moments and compare them, we need to examine the polarity and electronegativity differences in the molecules. In ClO2 and SO2, the oxygen end of ClO2 is more electronegative than the sulfur end of SO2, making ClO2 more polar and have a greater dipole moment than SO2. In SiF4 and SF4, both molecules have fluorine atoms around the central atom. Since fluorine is the most electronegative element, they have similar dipole moments and are equal. In SO2 and SO3, SO3 has a greater dipole moment because it has more electronegative oxygen atoms. In BeCl2 and SCl2, BeCl2 has a smaller dipole moment because the electronegativity difference between Be and Cl is smaller compared to the difference between S and Cl. Lastly, H2O has a greater dipole moment than H2S because oxygen is more electronegative than sulfur.

Answer 2

Greater than

Less than

Greater than

Less than

Greater than

Step-by-step explanation:

The dipole moment is the difference of electronegativity between the atoms in a molecule, and the total is the sum of the dipole moments of the bonds. So, it depends on the geometry of the molecule. When the dipole moment is 0 the molecule is nonpolar, when it is different from 0 the molecule is polar.

Both ClO₂ and SO₂ have angular geometry because there are lone pairs of electrons in the central atom (Cl and S), but Cl has a higher value of electronegativity than S, so the dipole moment must be greater.

SiF₄ is a nonpolar molecule, which has tetrahedral geometry and no lone pairs at the central atom. SF₄ has lone pairs at the central atom, and then the molecule is polar, so the dipole moment of SiF₄ is less than of SF₄.

The SO₃ molecule has no lone pairs at the central atom and has trigonal geometry, so it's a nonpolar molecule. SO₂ has angular geometry and it's a polar molecule, so the dipole moment of SO₂ is greater.

BeCl₂ has a linear geometry and is a nonpolar molecule. SCl₂ has an angular geometry, and it's a polar molecule, so the dipole moment of BeCl₂ is less than the dipole moment of SCl₂.

Oxygen has a higher electronegativity than the sulfur, and both molecules are polar with angular geometry, so the dipole moment of H₂O is greater.