Final answer:
The balanced chemical equation for synthesizing ammonia is N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃, which has six hydrogen atoms on both reactant and product sides, thus adhering to the law of conservation of mass and reflecting the stoichiometric ratio of 3:2.
Step-by-step explanation:
The balanced chemical equation for the synthesis of ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen gases is N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) → 2NH₃(g). On the reactant side, there are six hydrogen atoms, as indicated by the subscript in H₂ and the coefficient in front of it. On the product side, each ammonia molecule (NH₃) contains three hydrogen atoms, and there are two molecules of ammonia produced. This gives a total of six hydrogen atoms as well (3 atoms per NH₃ × 2 NH₃). Therefore, there are six hydrogen atoms on both the reactant and the product sides of the equation, maintaining the law of conservation of mass.
It's important to note that the initial equation provided, 3H₂ + N₂ = 2NH₃, is correct but not balanced in its smallest whole-number coefficients. Taking the modified and balanced equation N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃ reflects the proper stoichiometry of the reaction. The stoichiometric factors derived from this equation indicate that one mole of nitrogen reacts with three moles of hydrogen to produce two moles of ammonia, reflecting a stoichiometric ratio of hydrogen to ammonia molecules, which is 3:2.