1. Psychoanalysis is a method of treating mental disorders, shaped by psychoanalytic theory. Founded by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), it emphasizes unconscious mental processes and is sometimes described as "deep psychology."
Psychoanalysis promotes awareness of unconscious, maladaptive, and usually recurring patterns of emotions and behaviors. This allows previously unconscious aspects of the self to integrate and promote optimal functioning of the mind, healing and creative expression.
- The personality structures are:
Id: Freud believed that personality was made up of three key elements. The first of these to emerge is known as the id. The id contains all unconscious, basic and primitive desires.
Ego: The second aspect of personality to emerge is known as the ego. This is the part of personality that must deal with the demands of reality. It helps control id impulses and makes us behave in ways that are realistic and acceptable. Instead of engaging in behaviors designed to satisfy our wants and needs, the ego forces us to satisfy our needs in socially acceptable and realistic ways. In addition to controlling the demands of the id, the ego also helps to strike a balance between our basic impulses, our ideals, and reality.
Superego: The superego is the final aspect of personality to emerge and contains our ideals and values. The values and beliefs our parents and society instill in us are the guiding force of the superego and strive to make us behave according to these morals.
2. A person's personality is not immutable, all people can change their personality traits throughout their lives, either by natural factors or simply wanting to change and strive for it. But the fact is that no one is unable to change, everyone can change their personalities throughout life, because the human being is a changing being that changes every day.