Question

A The Haber process is typically carried out at a temperature of approximately 500∘C. What would happen to the rate of the forward reaction if the temperature were lowered to 100∘C? The reaction rate would . SubmitHintsMy AnswersGive UpReview Part Part B What would happen to the rate of the forward reaction if the concentration of nitrogen were decreased? The reaction rate would . SubmitHintsMy AnswersGive UpReview Part Part C Which of the following would increase the rate of the reverse reaction? Which of the following would increase the rate of the reverse reaction? increasing the concentration of ammonia decreasing the temperature increasing the concentration of nitrogen SubmitHintsMy AnswersGive UpReview Part Part D What will happen to the rates of the forward and reverse reactions when a catalyst is added? What will happen to the rates of the forward and reverse reactions when a catalyst is added? Forward rate increases; reverse rate decreases. Both forward and reverse rates increase. Both forward and reverse rates decrease. Forward rate decreases; reverse rate increases.

Answer 1

Lowering the temperature increases the rate of the forward reaction, decreasing the concentration of nitrogen also increases the rate of the forward reaction, increasing the concentration of nitrogen increases the rate of the reverse reaction, and adding a catalyst increases the rates of both the forward and reverse reactions.

Step-by-step explanation:

Lowering the temperature of the Haber process would favor the forward reaction. This is because the forward reaction is exothermic, meaning it releases heat. By decreasing the temperature, the system compensates for the decrease in heat by favoring the forward reaction. This would result in an increase in the rate of the forward reaction.

Decreasing the concentration of nitrogen would also increase the rate of the forward reaction. According to Le Chatelier's principle, when the concentration of a reactant is decreased, the system will respond by favoring the reaction that replaces that reactant. In this case, decreasing the concentration of nitrogen would favor the forward reaction, leading to an increase in the rate of the forward reaction.

Increasing the concentration of nitrogen would increase the rate of the reverse reaction. According to Le Chatelier's principle, when the concentration of a product is increased, the system will respond by favoring the reaction that consumes that product. In this case, increasing the concentration of nitrogen would favor the reverse reaction, leading to an increase in the rate of the reverse reaction.

When a catalyst is added, the rates of both the forward and reverse reactions increase. A catalyst provides an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy, allowing the reactions to occur at a faster rate. This means that both the forward and reverse reactions will proceed more quickly in the presence of a catalyst.

Answer 2

(I) Decrease in temperature from 500oC to 100oC will increase the rate of the forward reaction.

(II) Decreasing the concentration of nitrogen will decrease the reaction rate of the forward reaction.

(III) Increasing the concentration of ammonia will increase the rate of the reverse reaction.

(IV) When a catalyst is added, the rate of the forward reaction increases while that of the reverse reaction decreases.

Step-by-step explanation:

Chemical equilibrium is a dynamic reversible process where both the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same time and the concentration of all the chemical species in the system remain constant under standard conditions. Equilibrium state is dependent on:

I. Temperature of the reacting system.

II. Concentration of the reacting system.

III. Pressure of the reacting system ( for gases ).

The reaction equation for the Haber process of ammonia production: N2(g) + 3H2(g) <-> 2NH3(g)

According to Le Chatelier's principle that if an external stress or factor is imposed on an equilibrium system, the equilibrium shifts to annul or neutralize the stress:

(I) Decrease in temperature from 500oC to 100oC will increase the rate of the forward reaction because it was originally in the equilibrium state of a higher temperature.

(II) Decreasing the concentration of nitrogen will decrease the reaction rate of the forward reaction by decreasing the formation of ammonia (product).

(III) Increasing the concentration of ammonia will increase the rate of the reverse reaction by preventing its formation from the reactants nitrogen and hydrogen.

(IV) When a catalyst is added, the rate of the forward reaction increases while that of the reverse reaction decreases. This is achieved by the catalyst lowering the activation energy ( the minimum energy required for the reaction to occur ) of the reaction, hence, making it to occur faster.