Final answer:
A rain shadow on a mountainside refers to decreased precipitation, increased moisture, uneven rainfall, and stronger winds on the leeward side of the mountain range.
Step-by-step explanation:
The characteristics of a rain shadow on a mountainside include decreased precipitation and increased moisture. As prevailing winds carrying moisture rise up a mountainside, the air cools and condenses, leading to precipitation on the windward side of the mountain range. However, on the leeward side, the air is dry and there is little precipitation, creating a rain shadow effect.
The rain shadow effect can result in uneven rainfall on different sides of the mountain range. The side facing the prevailing winds will receive more rainfall, while the other side will experience much less precipitation. This can lead to arid climate conditions and the presence of deserts or semi-desert regions.
Additionally, the rain shadow effect can cause stronger winds on the leeward side of the mountains. As the air rushes down the other side of the mountain range, it increases in temperature and creates areas of lower pressure, resulting in stronger winds.