Question

Intermolecular forces are the interactions between molecules and are generally weaker than bonds within molecules. Which molecule will have dipole-dipole forces with like molecules?

Answer 1

Dipole-dipole forces are a type of electrostatic attraction between molecules that have permanent dipoles, such as hydrogen chloride (HCl), due to their polar nature.

Step-by-step explanation:

Dipole-dipole forces are a type of intermolecular force that occur between polar molecules due to the attraction of opposite partial charges on adjacent molecules. These charges arise from the unequal distribution of electrons within the molecule, creating a permanent dipole. Molecules with permanent dipoles exhibit stronger intermolecular attractions than nonpolar molecules which only exhibit London dispersion forces. An example of a molecule with dipole-dipole interaction would be hydrogen chloride (HCl), where the chlorine atom, being more electronegative, carries a partial negative charge and the hydrogen a partial positive charge, allowing HCl molecules to attract each other via their opposite charges.

Answer 2

Molecules that will have dipole-dipole forces with like molecules include the water (H2O) molecule. Another example is the Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) molecule.

Step-by-step explanation:

Intermolecular forces are forces of attraction or repulsion that exist between particles (ions, atoms, or molecules) that are close/in nearby proximity to each other. Usually, intermolecular forces are not as strong as intramolecular forces which create covalent or ionic bonds between the atoms that exist within molecules. Dipole-dipole interactions occur whenever the partial charges that exist within one molecule are attracted to the opposite partial charges that exist within another different molecule that is nearby and similar in composition: the positive end/charges of one molecule are attracted to the negative end/charges of another similar molecule.

An example of molecules that exhibit dipole-dipole interaction is the water (H2O) molecule. Another molecule which exhibits dipole–dipole interaction is the Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) molecule, whereby the positive end of one HCl molecule usually attracts the negative end of another HCl molecule.