Final answer:
The debate centered on how to reconcile state sovereignty with the need for a strong central government, leading to a federalist system in the United States Constitution.
Step-by-step explanation:
The debate between the supporters and critics of the Articles of Confederation centered on how to reconcile states’ rights with a strong national government.
This discussion was fundamental to the framing of the United States Constitution, which replaced the Articles.
Supporters of the Articles wanted to maintain a confederation with power resting predominantly in the states, while critics felt that a stronger national government was necessary to address the country's burgeoning problems.
The result was a compromise with a federalist system, giving certain powers to the national government while preserving states' autonomy.