Answer:
1. Kepler's third law relates the period of a ciosed orbit to its major axis.
2 The sun's gravity keeps planets in our solar system in orbit around the sun.
3. Comets are examples of bodies that complete parabolic or hyperbolic orbits.
4. The orbits of all the planets in the solar system are slightly elliptical with the exception of pluto.
5. Kepler's laws describe how objects move through space; Newton's laws describe why objects move in this way.
6. The geocentric and heliocentric models are models describing the universe. 'Geo' means earth, while 'helio' means sun.
The main difference between the two models is that the geocentric model describes earth as the centre of the universe; while the heliocentric model describes the sun as being the centre of the universe.
Step-by-step explanation:
- The geocentric model was proposed by a Greek philosopher called Aristotle who believed that the universe was perfect and finite. He stated that the sun, moon, the planets and stars all revolve around the earth.
- The heliocentric model was developed by a Polish astronomer called Copernicus who argued that the sun, rather than the earth, was the centre of the universe, and all planets revolve around it.
- Contradictory evidence in the motions of the planetary bodies led to the rejection of the geocentric model by another Greek called Galileo, who went on to support the heliocentric theory.
- His view was highly controversial at the time, but it prevailed, and today we know the system as the Solar system.