Answer:
Black Lives Matter and #MeToo are examples of "direct lobbying"
Step-by-step explanation:
to understand the answer we need to analyze each one.
b) direct lobbying is when a group of people or a single one tries to persuade or influence the criteria of a legislator to take action into their objective which in these cases are social meaningful laws. Because people wanted to influence directly the legislators.
a) & c) are the same indirect lobbying, in which a group of people or just a single one look for letting the general public know about their cause and influence them to put pressure over legislators to influence their decision making. It's wrong because both are the same and they weren't made for public reaction.
d) is when a certain person or group sponsors a group of people to try to influence legislators' decision making about a topic. It is called astroturf as a joke because the name comes from a fake grass company. Given the perfect definition of the movement, which is fabricated but made seen as natural. So it's wrong