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Gayle runs at a speed of 4.30 m/s and dives on a sled, initially at rest on the top of a frictionless snow-covered hill. After she has descended a vertical distance of 5.00 m, her brother, who is initially at rest, hops on her back and together they continue down the hill. What is their speed at the bottom of the hill if the total vertical drop is 15.0 m? Gayle's mass is 48.0 kg, the sled has a mass of 5.45 kg and her brother has a mass of 30.0 kg. m/s

User Untergeek
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1 Answer

5 votes

Answer:


V_f = 8.286 m/s

Step-by-step explanation:

We will use the energy and the conservation of the linerar mometum for answer this question, so:

First, we will calcule the velocity of the sled when gayle dives in it as:


P_i = P_f

it means that the initial momentum is equal to the finale.

so:


M_gV_g = M_sV_(si)

where
M_g is the mass of gayle,
V_g is the velocity of gayle,
M_s is the mass of the sled and gayle and
V_(si) is the velocity of the sled after gayle dives in it


(48 kg)(4.3 m/s) = (48 kg+5.45 kg)V_(si)


V_(si) = 3.86 m/s

Now, using the conservation of energy, we will calculated what is the velocity of the sled just before the brother of gayle hops on her back. That is:


M_sgh+(1)/(2)M_sV_(si)^2 = (1)/(2)M_sV_(sf)^2

where g is the gravity,
V_(sf) is the velocity of the sled just before the brother of gayle hops in her back and h is the altitude descended.


(48 + 5.45)(9.8)(5)+(1)/(2)(48+5.45)(3.86)^2 = (1)/(2)(48 + 5.45)V_(sf)^2


V_(sf) = 10.36 m/s

Now, we will know the velocity of the sled after the brother of gayle hops on her back using the conservation of the linear momentum as:


M_sV_(sf) = M_bV_b

where
M_b is the mass of the sled, gayle and now her brother and
V_b is the velocity of the sled after the brother of gayle hops on her back.


(48+5.45)(10.36) = (48+5.45+30)V_b


V_b = 6.63 m/s

Finally using the consevation of energy we will find the velocity at the bottom of the hill as:


(1)/(2)M_bV_b^2+M_bgh = (1)/(2)M_bV_f^2

where h = 10 m and
V_f is the final velocity, so:


(1)/(2)(48+5.45+30)(6.63)^2+(48+5.45+30)(9.8)(10) = (1)/(2)(48+5.45+30)V_f^2


V_f = 8.286 m/s

User TxAg
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