Question

Freud's theory of personality has been criticized because it A. is contradicted by recent research demonstrating the human capacity for destructive behavior. B. offers few testable hypotheses that allow one to determine its validity. C. underestimates the importance of biological contributions to personality development. D. is overly reliant upon observations derived from Freud's use of projective tests.

Answer 1

Freud's theory of personality has been criticized for being contradicted by recent research, offering few testable hypotheses, underestimating biological contributions, and relying on subjective observations.

Step-by-step explanation:

Freud's theory of personality has been criticized because it:

1. Is contradicted by recent research demonstrating the human capacity for destructive behavior. Freud's theory emphasized unconscious drives influenced by sex and aggression, but recent research has shown that human behavior can also be driven by other factors like empathy, social influences, and situational factors.
2. Offers a few testable hypotheses that allow one to determine its validity. Many of Freud's ideas, such as the existence of the id, ego, and superego, are not falsifiable and therefore cannot be empirically validated or invalidated.
3. Underestimates the importance of biological contributions to personality development. Freud's theory focused more on psychological and environmental factors, while modern research has shown that genetics and biological factors also play a significant role in shaping personality.
4. Is overly reliant upon observations derived from Freud's use of projective tests. Freud often based his observations and interpretations on projective tests like dream analysis and free association, which have since been criticized for their subjective nature and lack of scientific rigor.

Answer 2

B. Offers few testable hypothesis that allow one to determine its validity.

Step-by-step explanation:

Freud´s theory of personality was based on the hypothesis of unconsious mental processes, which influenced people's life. He built a theory from his clinal practice, this means he listened to his pacients and built a theory from that experience.

He is criticized because of his method, he did not turned to cientific proof to validate his theory. This means his hypothesis were not to be proof by empiric or statistics procedures. Although he did wrote about his experience with his pacients.