Answer:
d) all of the above
Step-by-step explanation:
Based on the information provided within the question it can be said that this phenomenon affects all of the answers provided which are Shipping, Handling and Transportation. This is because an Economy of Scale basically lowers the costs incurred by the company as production increases. The production process includes all three of these aspects because it is part of the process entire business process of producing the product and getting it to the customers hands.