Question

Arrange the terms in order of most inclusive (broadest category) to least inclusive (narrowest category) by dragging them to the boxes on the right.

Chromosome
Allele
Homologouspair
Gene Nucleotide
Genome
F1 generation

Answer 1

From most inclusive to least inclusive:

1) F1

2) Genoma

3) Homologous pair

4) Chromosome

5) Allele

6) Gene Nucleotide

Explanation:

1) F1: Refers to the first progeny generation after a cross. F1 is the first filial. This term includes all the individuals in the progeny, and hence, it includes the whole organism, including all tissues, cells, and genetic material. It is the most inclusive term on the list.

2) Genoma: Includes all the genetic information of an organism, carried in chromosomes. It might be considered as the whole nucleotidic sequence that codifies or specify the genetic instructions to the correct developments and functioning of the organism, and that is inherited from generation to generation. Includes chromosomes, genes, spacer regions, and regulatory regions.

3) Homologous pair: This term includes a pair of chromosomes. Refers to the set of genetically similar chromosomes inherited from each progenitor and that are comparable to each other. Homologous chromosomes give information for the same trait, but this information is not necessarily the same. For example, homologous chromosomes give information about the hair color trait, but one of them gives information for brown hair and the other one gives information for black hair. During meiosis, crossing-over occurs between two homologous chromosomes in the equatorial plane making the daughter cells to be genetically different from the original one.

4) Chromosome: Refers to the whole genetic units that carry the hereditary instructions and that regulate cell processes. They can only be clearly seen during cell division. In eukaryotes, the complete chromosome is composed of only one lineal and extremely long DNI molecule. DNA is intimately associated with histones and non-histone proteins. DNI associated with histones is called chromatin. In the interphase, before cellular division, chromatin is in a diffuse, lax, uncondensed state. When cellular division is about to happen, chromatin begins to condensate. At the beginning of the prophase, DNI is condensed in a well-defined chromosome formed by two sister chromatids joined by a centromere. The hereditable units that transmit generation to generation are the genes, which are located in loci in the chromosome.

5) Alleles: Forms of a gene that result from a mutation in the original gene. By the process of natural mutation, a gene might change into two or more alternative forms that are called alleles. These alternative forms codify for the same trait expressing different phenotypes.

6) Nucleotides: subunits or monomers composed of a sugar molecule, joined with a phosphate group and a nitrogenated base. The chain or sequence of nucleotides composes the polymer. Different nucleotides joined by their extremes compose the DNA and RNA.

Answer 2

Step-by-step explanation:

The arrangement referred to in the question (and subsequently done below) will start from the biggest/diverse unit (the broadest category) which is more generic and would be subsequently "trimmed" down to smaller units (narrowest category) in the hereditary chain.

The order is going to be from the biggest (most left) to the smallest (most right).

F1 generation → Genome → homologous pair → Chromosome → gene nucleotide → allele

The reason for this arrangement is below

F1 generation is the first generation of offsprings from a particular parental generation. Thus F1 generation can be said to be organisms.

What makes/relates organisms to a parent is there genetic makeup/genome. The genome consists of the chromosomal DNA and the extrachromosomal DNA which can be found in the mitochondrial and chloroplast.

Homologous pair, called homologs, are two identical chromosomes with similar size and shape.

Then we have the individual Chromosome found in the nucleus (there are several chromosomes here). It is made up of protein and DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).

The DNA is a nucleic acid made up of nucleotides (which are made up of a nitrogenous base, pentose sugar and a phosphate group). The nucleotides are however represented in a genetic sequence with there corresponding base.

This DNA sequence could code to form an allele, although some non sequence gene could also be referred to as an allele.