Answer:
The correct answer is B) are continuous
Step-by-step explanation:
The excerpt belongs to Children of the Drug Wars, by Sonia Nazario, who is an American Journalist.
The correct answer is letter B, since the root causes of the problem are things that are happening now. On the other hand, it is also something continuous since there's a series of actions in progress: the violence in Honduras and the demand of drugs in the US, two causes that don't seem very close or related but one is supported by the other one.