Final answer:
The subject revolves around reincarnation, karma, and nirvana, essential aspects of Hinduism and Buddhism that dictate the cycle of rebirth and the path towards spiritual enlightenment or union with universal reality.
Step-by-step explanation:
The concepts described revolve around the ideas of reincarnation, karma, and nirvana, which are central to certain Eastern religious and philosophical traditions, most notably Hinduism and Buddhism. Reincarnation refers to the rebirth of a soul into a new body after the physical death of the previous body. This cycle is influenced by karma, which is the sum of a person's actions and their ethical implications, influencing the soul's future existence. In Hinduism, actions determine the soul's position and form in the next life, with the ultimate goal being union with Brahman, the ultimate and universal reality. In Buddhism, the focus is more on achieving nirvana, a state of ultimate peace and liberation from the cycle of rebirth, by adhering to the Four Noble Truths and following the Noble Eightfold Path.
Yoga is often practiced within Hinduism as a means to achieve spiritual goals and maintain dharma, which is a sense of order and righteousness. Each of these religious frameworks sees human existence as an opportunity to improve one's karma through righteous living, with the aim of achieving a higher state of existence or ultimate enlightenment and freedom from the cycle of birth and rebirth.