Answer:
The correct answer is B. Instrumentality, Valence.
Step-by-step explanation:
Víctor Vroom's motivational model has been studied and improved over time by other authors such as Porter and Lawler.
The Vroom model is based on three assumptions:
- The forces within individuals and those present in their work situation combine to motivate and determine behavior.
- Individuals make conscious decisions about their behavior.
- The selection of a particular course of action depends on the expectation that certain behavior of one or more desired results rather than undesirable results.
The author of this theory explains that motivation is the result of multiplying three factors:
- Valencia: It demonstrates the level of desire of a person to reach a certain goal or objective. This level of desire varies from person to person and in each of them it can vary over time, being conditioned by the experience of each individual. The range of values that valence can admit in this mathematical equation is between –1 and 1. When a person does not want to reach a certain result (eg being fired from their job) the value adopted is –1, when the result is Indifferent (Ex. Compensation in money) the value is 0 and when the person intends to reach the objective (Ex. Obtain a promotion) its value will be +1
- Expectation: It is represented by the person's conviction that the effort placed in their work will produce the desired effect. Its value varies between 0 and 1 since the expectation is the probability of occurrence of the desired result. Expectations depend largely on the perception that the person has of himself, if the person considers that he has the necessary capacity to achieve the objective, he will be assigned a high expectation, otherwise he will be assigned a low expectation.
- Instrumentality: It is represented by the judgment made by the person that once the work is done, the organization values it and receives its reward. The instrumentality value will be between 0 and 1.