Final answer:
Linda's parents believe that dispositional causes, specifically Linda's intelligence, led to her success in passing the bar exam. This reflects an internal attribution of her achievements as opposed to situational factors.
Step-by-step explanation:
Linda's parents have attributed her success to dispositional causes. This means they believe Linda's intelligence, which is an internal characteristic, is responsible for her passing the bar exam. On the other hand, situational causes would imply that external factors contributed to her success. Dispositional causes relate to one's personality, habits, or temperament, while situational causes involve the external environment or circumstances surrounding the individual.
For example, Jane's belief that her bad grade is a result of her professor not liking her would be an example of an external locus of control, where she views her grade as being influenced by factors outside of her own actions or abilities.
The concepts explored here, including fundamental attribution error and actor-observer bias, highlight the complexity of human behavior and the importance of considering both internal and external factors when evaluating situations.