Question

The nucleus of a cell contains genetic material and many proteins. The interaction between these proteins and genetic material forms various structures. Match each of the following terms with the statement that describes the term.

1. protein
2. DNA
3. chromatin
4. histones

A. This series of nucleotides encodes proteins.
B. These proteins regulate transcription and modifications of genetic material.
C. This folded amino acid chain is genetically encoded and performs specific functions in the cell.
D. This substance is made up of fibers that are formed in the nucleus by supercoiling genetic material.

Answer 1

1 - C

Protein - This folded amino acid chain is genetically encoded and performs specific functions in the cell.

2 - A

DNA - This series of nucleotides encodes proteins.

3 - D

Chromatin - This substance is made up of fibers that are formed in the nucleus by supercoiling genetic material.

4 - B

Histones - These proteins regulate transcription and modifications of genetic material.

Step-by-step explanation:

1. Proteins are molecules composed of one or more chains of amino acids. They perform fundamental functions in all living beings. For example, they are the main components of muscle, or act as enzymes.

2. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, carries the genetic information and instructions to produce proteins in all living beings. DNA will be converted to messenger RNA (mRNA) by enzymes, which will be translated into a protein.

3. Chromatin, located in the nucleus, is composed of genetic material and proteins that condense to form chromosomes. Moreover, it is made up of fibers that are coiled and condensed to form chromosomes.

4. Histones are proteins that pack the genetic material, or DNA, into units called nucleosomes. They are involved in the transcription and modification of DNA.