Final answer:
Decreasing the distance between successive crests of a wave results in a shorter wavelength and an increased frequency without affecting the speed of the wave. The correct answer to the student's question is E. Both the wavelength and the frequency.
Step-by-step explanation:
If you decrease the distance between successive crests of a wave, this changes the wavelength and the frequency of the wave. Decreasing the distance between the crests means the wavelength is shorter, and since wavelength and frequency are inversely related, the frequency increases. However, this does not necessarily change the speed of the wave, which is determined by the medium through which the wave is traveling. Therefore, the correct answer is E. Both the wavelength and the frequency.
Wavelength is defined as the distance between any two consecutive identical points on the waveform, typically measured from crest to crest or trough to trough. When the period of a wave increases, its frequency decreases. This is because the frequency is the number of wave cycles that pass a point in one second, and if the period (the time for one cycle) increases, fewer cycles can pass in the same amount of time.