Question

Cell signaling involves converting extracellular signals to specific responses inside the target cell. Different molecules are involved at each stage of the process. In this activity, you will sort items based on which stage they are involved in: reception, transduction, or response.

1. G protein-coupled receptor
2. Phosphorylation Cascade
3. Signaling Molecule
4. Protein Synthesis
5. Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
6. Second Messenger
7. IP₃, Ca²⁺, cAMP
8. Adenylyl Cyclase

Answer 1

1. G protein-coupled receptor. Reception. G-protein-coupled receptors mediate most of our physiological responses to hormones, neurotransmitters and environmental stimulants.

2. Phosphorylation Cascade. Transduction. Phosphorylation cascade is a process of cellular transduction by which a chemical signal is transmitted through a series of phophorylations.

3. Signaling Molecule. Reception. Cells communicate between them through signaling molecules. These molecules are proteins or other molecules produced by one cell and send through the extracellular space.

4. Protein Synthesis. Transduction. A protein synthesized by ribosome is the response after the reception and transduction.

5. Receptor Tyrosine Kinase. Reception. Receptor Tyrosine Kinase are receptors who has highly affinity by polypeptide growth factors, cytokines, and hormones. The receptor produce the phosphorylation of Tyrosine when it's stimulated.

6. Second Messenger. Transduction. Second messengers are intracellular signaling molecules who are released inside the cell when a first messenger is released.

7. IP₃, Ca²⁺, cAMP. Transduction. Those are second messengers.

8. Adenylyl Cyclase. Transduction. Adenylyl Cyclase is a enzyymes which catalyzes the ciclization of ATP inside the cells.